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Frequency
Repeated Text
Repetition Duration Text
Duration
Modality
Video/Audio
Variable
Yes
1 week
Variable

Body Scan Meditation

People go through steps to work their attention up their body as they become aware of each part of their body in the present.

Reasoning

The body scan meditation practice invites participants to pay attention to sensations in the body, as it is in the moment, without judgment or effort to change. It usually proceeds in a gradual sequence, directing participants to progressively move their focus from the top of the head throughout the body and down to the pinkie toe. Like many meditation exercises, following a guided instruction to focus in a particular way inherently routes attention away from a person’s default mode of thinking, which reduces reflexive, ruminative mental habits that typically prolong stress. Paying attention to areas of the body can also make people more aware of ambient physical states and sensations, from pain, tension or discomfort to relaxation or pleasure. By systematically noticing feelings in the body, people can become more knowledgeable about how their body signals different mental experiences, like stress or contentment, and use this insight to guide themselves towards thoughts and behaviors that enhance and support wellbeing.

Procedure

Primary Citation & Study Summary:

Body Scan is one of the practices included in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn and based on Buddhist teachings, MBSR is a six- to 10-week program that teaches various mindfulness techniques through weekly sessions and homework assignments. More information about this program is available in Kabat-Zinn’s book Full Catastrophe Living.

People in Massachusetts who attended an MSBR program showed increases in mindfulness and well-being, and decreases in stress and symptoms of mental illness, at the end of eight weekly sessions. Time spent engaging in the Body Scan was associated with increased psychological well-being and greater levels of two components of mindfulness—non-reacting to stress and observing thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations.

Populations Studied
More Evidence

Gallegos, A. M., Heffner, K. L., Cerulli, C., Luck, P., McGuinness, S., & Pigeon, W. R. (2020). Effects of mindfulness training on posttraumatic stress symptoms from a community-based pilot clinical trial among survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(8), 859–868.

Ho, R. T. H., Lo, H. H. M., Fong, T. C. T., & Choi, C. W. (2020). Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on diurnal cortisol pattern in disadvantaged families: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 117, 7.

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